Flexible Sigmoidoscopy

Flexible sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic endoscopic procedure performed by our gastroenterologists to examine the lower portion of the colon, including the rectum and sigmoid colon.

This procedure uses a thin, flexible tube with a small camera to evaluate the lining of the lower colon and is typically shorter and less extensive than a full colonoscopy.

Why Is Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Performed?

Flexible sigmoidoscopy may be recommended to evaluate symptoms or conditions affecting the lower colon, including:

Rectal bleeding
Changes in bowel habits
Chronic diarrhea
Rectal pain or pressure
Follow-up evaluation of known conditions
Abnormal findings on imaging or laboratory studies

Your gastroenterologist will determine whether flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy is the most appropriate test based on your symptoms and medical history.

How Is Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Different from Colonoscopy?

While both procedures examine the colon, there are important differences:

Flexible sigmoidoscopy examines only the lower part of the colon
Colonoscopy examines the entire colon

Because flexible sigmoidoscopy evaluates a more limited area, it typically:

Takes less time
Requires less extensive bowel preparation
May be performed without sedation in some cases

What Happens During the Procedure?

During flexible sigmoidoscopy, a flexible scope is gently inserted into the rectum and advanced through the lower portion of the colon. Images are displayed in real time on a monitor, allowing the physician to carefully examine the colon lining.

The procedure usually takes 10–20 minutes. Biopsies may be taken if abnormalities are identified.

Will I Feel Anything?

Some patients experience mild cramping or pressure during the procedure. Sedation may or may not be used, depending on the clinical situation and patient preference. Any discomfort is typically brief and well tolerated.

What Conditions Can Be Diagnosed?

Flexible sigmoidoscopy can help diagnose or evaluate:

Inflammation or colitis
Polyps in the lower colon
Sources of rectal bleeding
Infections
Structural abnormalities

If findings suggest more extensive disease, your provider may recommend a full colonoscopy for further evaluation.